Universal Law of Gravitation
Universal Law of Gravitation
The Universal Law of Gravitation:
The law was formulated by Newton. The gravitational force of attraction between any two particles in the universe is directly proportional to the product of the masses of the particles and is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the particles. The direction of the force is along the line joining the two particles. Let A and B be two particles of masses and
respectively. Let the distance AB = r. By the law of gravitation, the particle A attracts the particle B with a force F, such that
F ∝ (for a given separation between the particles)
Here “G” is a constant known as the universal constant of gravitation. The value of G was experimentally measured in the laboratory by Cavendish, long after Newton’s death. This value is
Its value does not depend on the medium between the two bodies and the masses of the bodies or the distance between them. This law is universal as it is applicable to all bodies, whether the bodies are big or small, whether they are celestial or terrestrial. Suppose the masses of two bodies having 1 kg each and the distance d between them is 1 m, then
F= G [ and
= 1kg and r = 1m]
Then, the universal gravitational constant is defined as the gravitational force between two objects of unit mass each separated by a unit distance from each other placed anywhere in space. The SI unit of G is
The value of G was found out by Henry Cavendish (1731-1810) by using a sensitive balance.
If earth attracts an object towards its centre with the force of 500 N, the force of attraction exerted by the object on earth is | |||
| Right Option : C | |||
| View Explanation | |||
As one moves away from the earth's surface | |||
| Right Option : A | |||
| View Explanation |
A ball of mass 15 Kg is attracted by another ball of same mass with a force G N. The distance between them is | |||
| Right Option : A | |||
| View Explanation |
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